The Maze

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TREE I ……………………………………………………………... 

TREE II ……………………………………………………………. 

TREE III …………………………………………………………... 

TREE IV …………………………………………………………... 

TREE V …………………………………………………………… 

TREE VI …………………………………………………………… 

TREE I 

Dear Mohamed, I am mailing to remind you about the deadline which is 5 P.M, do not make a stupid action because the reaction will be harmful. 

Sincerely, 

Good morning, Benjamin; we must start our journey. This was the first sentence that I said since I saw this mail, Benjamin agreed with me, and we started first to hang out to find anything to eat because my cookies are sold out. We found a beautiful goat with white and black hair, and her knees were hurt by a small sharp knife, we ignored this goat, and we began looking for a small tree to rest on it after a lot of searching for something to eat, but we found something to drink, but the tree was not kind with us. We sat down on the grass and saw the cloudy sky, which was going to cry after a few hours. I lost my signal. How do I contact Benjamin? Oh, my leg is broken, my hand is fall of blood, you have lost your first friend after a few days you will lose something greater. Do you hear anything, Benjamin? Do you smell the cookies’ flavor? I think you must get up early to answer my questions. I got up and started to walk alone to find the cookies’ odor, and I arrived at a small old house with a tall tree written on it “Qb abg ragre.” I stood a minute, and my mind said, why not, let’s try. The time is passing, it is 9 AM, and I should find the way to obtain the golden key that I do not remember where I put it. 

TREE II 

Sometimes, you do not know where to separate your poison or just see the mercury in front of the golden fish. How about KKK? I entered the old house, and I found a dimly lit far from me, about 50 cm. the first step came with blood on my shoes, and my shirt was cut at the right arm, a terrible intro to my curiosity. I got out immediately and sat behind the tree and started to take oxygen; I found Benjamin coming from so far and raising his hand, which was covered by black color. I think it was the coal’s color. We met again, and he explained his disappearance for the last period. I understood what he said hardly because he was crying about what he saw. I told him about my first step inside the old house and what I noticed about the design surrounded by the KKK and the chair’s shape, a triangle with a red circle and blue rectangle. He said that he saw me from the window and he was shouting to make me hear him and get out ASAP, but I was busy achieving my curiosity. Also, he saw the thing that hurt me, but he could not explain it perfectly. He said that it was a female with curly hair, blue hair and her hand was more prominent than 30 cm. of course, I cannot use this information to detect the right person or the correct factor that hurt me, but I can use this information to shape a good idea about the second step. 

TREE III 

Let’s try Benjamin, but this time you are with me. We arrived at the door, and he saw the label on the tree and was shocked. I found a bronze token on the grass, but it was filled with water; we opened the door and put our second step. At that time, I saw the floor filled with millions of bronze tokens similar to what I had found outside. I was not surprised, but I started to think that it was a small maze growing by the milliseconds, like our life every morning among many puns and pies, Benjamin tried to understand what I described to him, but he could not. I found a blade covered by a binary label, and I put it in my socks. My phone’s signal returned again, and I received a new mail from the same unknown person. 

Dear Mohamed, 

I am mailing to remind you about the deadline which is 5 P.M, do not make a stupid action because the reaction will be harmful. 

Sincerely, 

I took Benjamin to get out to the tree to see what we must do now, and then we can go back. When we got out, the theme of the mail changed but not the content. First, the theme changed to a small text surrounded by small ice shapes; after a while, the theme changed to the photo of the bronze token. 

TREE IV 

I started to remember my apartment and its rooms; it was really similar to this old house, and all I have seen in this house I think I saw it before. I have a hat that is black in red. I saw a similar cap to it in one of the photos on the old house’s wall. Benjamin was really scared about the second step, and he started to tremble; I saw his eyes full of many words that describe the situation and what he saw before. Benjamin earlier was a kid who was afraid of everything, especially the people and the loud voice that he thought was a fight. In this minute, he remembers all of the above and starts to think about the dark side of himself. I was a student in secondary school, and I enjoyed the education and the computer and how it works and all the relating factors to computer science. But I do not think these memories will benefit me these days that I cannot count them. “Man, are you ready for the third step?” I think Benjamin has to rest for a few minutes, and I will enter like the first step. 

TREE V 

I am in front of the door now, and I see the dimly lit is closer than before. Is it the end? I twisted the handle and got in. I found that the bronze tokens changed with silver tokens but with the exact details as the old ones. I took one and put it in my socks beside the knife. I have entered a new room in the house; it was filled with gray cotton with a small hole in it. Something in my mind told me to put the new token in this hole; I agreed and put it and waited for what will happen then. My mobile’s battery is 10%, and I do not have a charger; after 3 minutes, the cotton disappears, and I found a golden key behind the ashes. Is this what I am looking for? Have I finished now? A lot of questions with one answer, that is, the dimly lit is disappeared. 

TREE VI 

I got out to see Benjamin and told him about what I had arrived at, but there was no Benjamin, and the old house disappeared after I got out. All the things surrounding me and all the grass disappeared except the trees, which surprised me a lot because I did not expect that. “Good morning, Mohamed, you did great work, and I hope to start with us, and the game was amazing” I woke up in a mail from my company that said the above. It was a project that I loved to make; I started to combine all the situations and events, and I figured out that “The Maze” is a game that I have made and put me as the main character to test the code source and bugs in the game, all the discretions of the room in the house are my actual room, and the female that hurt me is a real robot that I made to help me in small objects. Still, it had an error and beat me one day, in addition to Benjamin, he is not accurate, and he is my image in the past years when I was a child. All of the above was my presentation to my new game to the company that I wanted to get in, and by the end of the day, I got the acceptance mail, but this mail was without any warning.

Chondrology: Cartilage and its diseases ( Osteoarthritis and Spondylolysis )

 1- Anatomy of cartilage

Cartilage is a form of thick connective tissue: sturdy and viscoelastic. The ends of bones are covered with it, which creates a low-friction environment and cushioning at the joint surface. When the joint cartilage is healthy, it allows for smooth bending movements and protects the joint from weight-bearing forces. The creation of some bodily components, some of which are totally formed of cartilage, such as the outer portions of the ear and the ends of long bones, cartilage in infants that eventually transforms into bones. Cartilage acts as a protective cushion between the bones, absorbing the pressure applied to the joints during movement. It made of a complex of specialized cells called chondrocytes; its function is to create extracellular collagen, proteoglycans, and elastic fibers. The collagen protein bundles which known as ‘sponge’, form a reticular network that contains water, when a weight is applied to the cartilage, the water is squeezed out and exits the network, and when the pressure is released, the water returns. The proteoglycans bind water and serve as a foundation for the absorption of strong compressive stresses. Providing elasticity and resilience to the tissues is what elastic fibers do in cartilage. It's worth mentioning that cartilage is completely devoid of blood vessels and nerves. It is distributed evenly throughout the body, including the spaces between the vertebrae of the spine, bronchial tubes or airways, the ends of the ribs, the ears, and the nose. Cartilage is divided into three types:
firstly, elastic cartilage is the most flexible and adaptable form of cartilage due to its high concentration of yellow elastin fibers, thus the name yellow cartilage. The auricles, some portions of the nose, throat, and epiglottis are mostly composed of elastic cartilage. Secondly, Fibrous cartilage is the strongest form of cartilage, capable of supporting enormous loads in addition to decreasing friction between the long bones in the joints. Additionally, it is present between the spine's discs and vertebrae, as well as between the hip and pelvic bones. Lastly, Hyaline cartilage which is a tough, flexible, contractile, and stretchy kind of cartilage found between the ribs, around the trachea, and in joints.

2- Cartilage diseases: Osteoarthritis and Spondylolysis 
Minor cartilage injuries may heal on their own within a few weeks, but more serious cartilage damage may need surgery in the future. It may be harmed as a consequence of a traumatic injury, such as a sports injury, or as a result of progressive wear and tear. Patients who have cartilage damage in a joint may suffer the following symptoms: • Inflammation the region expands, gets warmer than surrounding areas, and becomes sensitive, sore, and painful. • Stiffness, and Range restriction - as the injury worsens, the injured limb loses its ability to move freely and effortlessly.

- Osteoarthritis  
OA is a condition that is sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease. It is a degenerative disorder in which the protective cartilage that cushions the tops of bones degrades or wears away. This results in swelling and discomfort. Additionally, it may result in the formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs. Osteoarthritis of the spine is a degeneration of the cartilage in the neck and lower back joints and discs. Occasionally, osteoarthritis results in spurs that push on the nerves exiting the spinal column. This might result in arm or leg weakness and discomfort. Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition with five stages, from 0 to 4. The first stage (0) corresponds to a normal joint. Stage 4 is the most advanced stage of OA. Not everyone with OA will go to stage 4. Often, the illness stabilizes well before it reaches this stage. Severe OA patients have substantial or total cartilage loss in one or more joints. The resulting bone-on-bone friction may result in severe symptoms such as: o Inflammation and edema: the synovial fluid level may rise. Ordinarily, this fluid aids in reducing movement friction. It may induce joint swelling in excessive doses. Synovial fluid contains broken-off cartilage fragments, enhancing discomfort and edema. o Pain intense: you may have discomfort when moving or sitting. In case you utilized your joints a lot during the day, Osteoarthritis you may notice a rise in joint swelling or soreness as the day goes on.
Limitation of movement: joint stiffness or soreness may limit your ability to move. Difficulty in daily tasks might be a result of chronic pain. o Unstable joints: your joints may lose stability; as an example, severe knee OA might cause locking (sudden lack of movement). If your knee buckles, you risk falling and being hurt. It is a common occurrence as individuals age. Men are more likely to get osteoarthritis than women under the age of 45. Women are more likely to get osteoarthritis after the age of 45. Osteoarthritis is more prevalent in obese individuals. Additionally, it happens more commonly in persons who work in occupations or participate in activities that place repeated stress on certain joints. Osteoarthritis is a slow-developing illness that is difficult to identify until it causes pain or disability. Early OA is commonly detected after a fracture that necessitates an X-ray. Your doctor may utilize an MRI scan to diagnose OA. The picture of bone and soft tissue is created using radio waves and magnetic fields. A blood test can rule out other illnesses that cause joint discomfort, such as RA. An examination of joint fluid may also reveal if the inflammation is due to gout or infection.
X-rays are the best approach to diagnose osteoarthritis. The doctor will ask about your medical history and do a physical exam to discover whether you have neck or lower back discomfort, soreness, loss of mobility, or indications of nerve involvement including weakening, reflex changes, or loss of feeling. The majority of the time, therapy for spinal osteoarthritis focuses on alleviating pain sensations and improving a person's capacity to function. The objective is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Initial therapy may involve weight loss if necessary and then maintaining a healthy weight for everyone. Additionally, physical activity may be added. Apart from aiding in weight loss, exercise may also aid in improving adaptability. Improve one's attitude and mood, strengthen the heart's defenses, and boost blood flow, and simplify routine tasks.

-Spondylolysis 
Spondylolysis is a weakening or stress fracture in one of the bone bridges connecting the vertebra's upper and lower facet joints. It is the most prevalent cause of low back pain in children and adolescents who participate in sports. Spondylolysis is a kind of stress fracture that occurs when the pars interarticularis is subjected to mechanical stress. Stress fractures are more likely to form as a result of recurrent load and stress than as a result of a single traumatic incident. In extension and rotation motions, the stress distribution in the pars interarticularis is greatest. Half of all pediatric and teenage back pain in athletes is caused by different posterior element abnormalities, including spondylolysis. Low back pain is the most prevalent clinical manifestation of spondylolysis. This is exacerbated by exercise and is usually accompanied with a lack of physical findings or none at all. Pars stress fractures and early spondylolysis are prevalent, and often misdiagnosed. Historically, patients were often advised to minimize their activities (particularly involvement in sports and physical exercise) in order to prevent aggravating the spondylolysis. However, fresh information from sophisticated imaging tests and current research shows that decreased activity and/or rest may not always be essential to prevent the spondylolysis from sliding. Rest is required only if the patient develops symptoms. Rest may assist alleviate discomfort, and after the pain has subsided, the patient can resume regular activities. Spondylolysis occurs in 3-6% of the population. It often manifests in the first or second decade of life; its prevalence rises with age up to 20 years. However, there is no change in occurrence as one ages from 20 to 80 years. Men are twice as likely to be impacted as women
There may be Spondylolysis a hereditary predisposition for individuals with reduced cortical bone density in the pars interarticularis. Specific ethnic, sports, and familial groupings have a higher occurrence. Spondylolysis is more prevalent in young athletes. Gymnasts, football players, cricketers, swimmers, divers, weight lifters, and wrestlers are at an elevated risk. Spondylolysis develops most often at L5 (80%–95%) as a result of repeated hyperextension, which increases contact between the caudal edge of the inferior articular facet of L4 and the pars interarticularis of L5. Spondylolysis is often associated with a weakening in the pars inter articularis. This tiny bone fragment joins the facet joints, which connect the vertebrae immediately above and below to create a functional unit that allows the spine to move. The fissures are sometimes referred to as pars fractures. While we do not know why the deficiency arises, it is possible that your genes have a part. You may be born with fragile vertebrae, increasing your chance of pars fractures. Repetitive stress to the lower back — such as hurting oneself repeatedly while participating in sports or other activities — may also weaken the pars inter articularis. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are synonymous but distinct conditions: spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slides over the one below but, spondylolysis is a frequent cause of spondylolisthesis, since the bone may slide due to the break in the vertebra. Surgery Adolescents with lumbar spondylolysis may have surgery. A robust titanium screw may heal the fracture. An incision of 2 to 3 inches is made in the center of the lower back. The screw secures the two sides of the fracture together, producing compression. Then a bone transplant (bone from another part of the body) might help support the restoration. The procedure takes three hours, and the recuperation takes two or three days. Most teenagers require two to four weeks off school to heal at home.
Sports and strenuous exercise are prohibited for three months. This operation effectively relieves spondylolysis-related back discomfort. Most individuals can resume normal sports and activity without discomfort. If spondylolysis has caused your vertebrae to move forward, your doctor may propose a surgical surgery like spinal fusion. Diagnose The combination of SPECT and computed tomography is the gold standard for diagnosing spondylolysis (CT). Computed tomography may clearly reveal spondylolysis in the presence of a pars fracture. The neural arch should be closed and continuous at the level of the pedicles on axial CT images. When a pars defect occurs, a discontinuity occurs at this level. Sagittal CT scans are more reliable at differentiating between a pars defect and a facet joint and also in detecting partial fractures. While MRI has shown promise in diagnosing spondylolysis, it may also be used to assess the condition of the disc above and below the afflicted vertebra. Frequently, teenagers are withdrawn from sports due to worries that their spondylolysis would progress to spondylolisthesis (vertebral slippage) and that the slippage may become severe enough to cause irreversible injury or paralysis. Adults diagnosed with spondylolysis are often advised to abstain from strenuous activity and/or physically demanding professions. However, there are no cases in the published medical literature of a patient in a work, industrial, or sports-related context experiencing trauma that caused the spondylolisthesis to slide further and result in neurological impairment or paralysis. Sophisticated imaging methods such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spine scans now enable the evaluation of spondylolysis-related physiological alterations. This information is critical in determining the difference between active and passive spondylolysis. A SPECT scan demonstrates active spondylolysis, while an MRI scan demonstrates bone marrow edema next to the pars defect. These data show that the pars defect is connected with activity/movement, which is likely to result in low back pain complaints. Spondylolysis that is not active. If there are no signs of activity associated with the pars defect, the spondylolysis is deemed inactive and any low back pain the patient is having is most likely incidental (meaning that the patient's lower back discomfort is most likely due to another cause, such as a muscle strain). While activity limitation is not always essential, it is usually prudent to treat spondylolysis carefully. Acute (active) spondylolysis needs more intense care, although chronic (inactive) spondylolysis symptoms may be handled conservatively.  

 

An Expository Essay about Endo-European Languages

     Considering the historical area of ancestries and how their humanitarian communication created during that long period, in-analogy deducing the way it's getting shifted over thousands of lineages, this kind of stuffs sounded interesting to fulfill some details revolving. Reading about how the plentiful varieties of languages have been transformed through European regions anciently is presenting an engrossing discourse our cultures can be enlightened with.

    Expounding the knowledge of getting in know about the reality of the world's languages' miscellaneous diversity, indeed, about 13 supermajor languages families including over 7111 cognizant languages in the world; nearly the entirety of sub-Saharan Africa does speak Niger-Congo which is a hypothetical language family unites the Mande languages. Going deep into the Eurasia native speakers, The Indo-Europeanlanguages comprises most of the primary Europe languages such as English, French, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish which have expanded through colonialism in the modern period across several continents, with the northern Persian Plateau in central and south Asia wedged between the Arabian and Indian plates situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Kopet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains in the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south and the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the east in Pakistan. 46% of the world's population speaks one of the Indo-European family's language - Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, and Italic – there're other subdivisions which are extinct like Cornish with less than 600 speakers.

    In the final division of the Stone Age, the Neolithic era, All Indo-European languages have descended from a single prehistoric language with Proto-Indo-European reconstructed settled in the PIE homeland, Urheimat. That was not clearly identified tho, Steppe theory has been the most widely accepted notion associated with the Yamnaya culture dating to 3300–2600 BC, moreover, the Steppe theory was first formulated by Otto Schrader 1883 and V. Gordon Childe 1926, then systematized in the 1950s by Marija Gimbutas, who used the term to group various cultures, including the Yamnaya (Pit Grave), culture and its predecessors. David Anthony instead uses the core Yamnaya culture and its relationship with other cultures as a point of reference. Consequently, during the Classical period, Roman authors referred to the informal, everyday variety of their own language as sermo plebeius or sermo vulgaris, meaning common speech. The modern usage of the term Vulgar Latin dates to the Renaissance, when Italian thinkers began to theorize that their own language originated in a sort of corrupted Latin that they assumed formed an entity distinct from the literary Classical variety, though opinions differed greatly on the nature of this vulgar dialect. The Romance languages (Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the third and eighth centuries allocatingly-stratified as Lingua franca in Americas, Europe, and parts of Africa.

    While glimpsing contemplating of the rolling communication contacted, it just starts to get exciting to reach out the pith where it's all blossoming up so far. Basically, the students who're stepping in deep studies of English literacy, and other languages as enriching info for conversational skillful capabilities. I'm a narrative man extremely relish cracking down the past events characterized by due stances resulting the little things to be noticed, actually looking through concerning books and anthologies gets me provided with awesomely worth valuable facts shoving me ahead with big data included. "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language" solicitudes heading the modern world, with various languages immersed walking through ensuing eras.

 

An Expository Essay about Albatrosses

    I can’t cause to forget that double-soothing night with boxes of comfortable talks rained over my family gathering, our snug room with an interesting discourse amused by NationalGeographic was very able to make me think, calm me down, endow my mind with a substantial break. I got rememorizing when I went diving in excursions on my books domicile about some factual anthologies revolving the Diomedeidae seabirds, Albatrosses, instantly, the exploration geo-network was illuminating an adventurous trip about it which sounded extremely spellbinding there. It never gets old about how that feeling touched hearts.

    Digging into the longest wingspans among birds, Pelagornis Sandersi is a bird lived 25 million years ago with an estimated wingspan of up to 7.4 meters, consequently, the Wandering Albatross is known to circumnavigate the Southern Ocean three times, covering more than 75,000 miles in 1 year with his 3.7 meters-wingspan. Once the recorded videos have shown up the peculiar distinctness about the characteristic realities of the Albatross environmental life, the gathering’s focusing points got blossomed bloating, I could notice that like a body organ swells calling around the eyes. Despite the fact that they do need the wind to thrive, and for as graceful as these birds are in the air, their terrestrial landings are more like crush landings which’s a lightening matter summoning a big excitement to bring thinking about how this gooney bird can normally live in with their pretty croaking and gurgling Opera’s originating pieces of stuff. The Albatross courtship has so many different layers with plentiful posturing moving back and forth, moreover, my dad seemed so high when they’ve got their wings out with a bit fencing scene when they tap their bills together, he suddenly fell deep in Ornithological Nature love, and said, "once a pair start getting into it; vibrating his beak, you can hear this alien noise, look at the sky calling, he points his head straight into the sky, makes that amazing screaming noise, more and more try to join the party and I think that’s one of the most magnificently-elaborate courtship rituals in the animal kingdom." Then, those oceanic scenes, and beautiful heights full of Albatross mates started to blow up our minds enamoring how impressive nature is up for all these various kinds of awe-inspiring creatures.

 

 

I knew an old friend who’s an Ornithologist now, I texted him chatting about how exciting my night was, and I was so pleased he didn’t go bed yet. Consequently, once he received my cheerful vibes, his texting back just broke through my heart with extra happiness; it turned out my books are highly concerning and most scientifically enjoyable such like bright cartons of exclusive content there. It’s 11 PM and a light breeze coming in through my room window-panes, I’m about to end up designing a modern 3D model for a suburban coffeehouse just aside from my home location. A friend of mine called me up to hang out together for a while having some easy walking talks, we had a very affixing discussion about ramifying college majors, and pretty futuristic plans noted there.